代词的单数形式与谓语的匹配复数形式与谓语的匹配
在英语语法中，主谓一致是一个基本原则，它要求句子的主语（subject）和谓语（verb）在数（number）上保持一致。这涉及到代词的单复数形式与谓语的匹配。以下是一些基本规则：

代词的单数形式与谓语的匹配
当主语是单数代词（如he, she, it, I, you（作为单数使用时））时，谓语也应该使用单数形式。例如：
* He likes music.
* She has a cat.
* It seems interesting.

代词的复数形式与谓语的匹配
当主语是复数代词（如they, we, you（作为复数使用时））时，谓语应该使用复数形式。例如：
* They like music.
* We have two cats.
* You seem happy.
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特殊情况
1. 集合名词：有些集合名词（如family, team, group等）作为整体看待时，谓语用单数形式；当考虑成员时，谓语用复数形式。例如：
* My family is large.
* My family are all music lovers.
2. 某些代词：如不定代词some, any, no, every等，需要根据实际意义来决定使用单数还是复数谓语。例如：
* Some is left.
* Some are missing.
3. 就近原则：当句子中的主语由with, together with, along with, as well as等连接的并列成分组成时，谓语通常与最近的主语保持一致。例如：
* Tom, as well as his brothers, likes football.

练习1： 选择正确的动词形式来完成句子。
1. _______ (He/ They) _______ (likes/ like) playing basketball.
2. _______ (She/ They) _______ (knows/ know) a lot about history.
3. Everything _______ (is/ are) ready for the party.
4. The cat _______ (has/ have) two eyes.

练习2： 根据句子的意思，填入正确的主语和谓语形式。
1. _______ _______ (Some/ Some of) my friends _______ (are/ is) coming to the party.
2. _______ _______ (Neither/ Both) of the boys _______ (likes/ like) reading books.
3. With John _______ (help/ helping), we _______ (finished/ finish) the project easily.
4. Not only I but also my sister _______ (want/ wants) to travel abroad.

练习3： 改正下列句子中的主谓不一致错误。
1. He as well as I am going to the concert.
2. One of the students is late for class.
3. The number of students in our class is five hundred.
4. Either my brother or I am responsible for the damage.

答案及解析
练习1：
1. They like playing basketball. (主语是复数代词they，所以谓语用复数形式like。)
2. She knows a lot about history. (主语是单数代词she，所以谓语用单数形式knows。)
3. Everything is ready for the party. (主语是不可数名词everything，所以谓语用单数形式is。)
4. The cat has two eyes. (主语是单数名词cat，所以谓语用单数形式has。)
练习2：
1. Some of my friends are coming to the party. (主语是复数代词some of my friends，所以谓语用复数形式are。)
2. Neither of the boys likes reading books. (主语是单数形式的代词neither of the boys，所以谓语用单数形式likes。)
3. With John helping, we finished the project easily. (这里使用了with复合结构，John作为宾语，用动名词形式helping作补足语，主句的主语是we，谓语用过去式finished。)
4. Not only I but also my sister wants to travel abroad. (当not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语通常与最近的主语保持一致，因此用单数形式wants。)
练习3：
1. He as well as I am going to the concert. (改为：He as well as I am going to the concert. 或者 He, as well as I, is going to the concert. 主语as well as后面的部分不影响主语的数，所以应该是单数谓语is。)
2. One of the students is late for class. (这句话是正确的，没有主谓不一致的错误。)
3. The number of students in our class is five hundred. (这句话是正确的，没有主谓不一致的错误。)
4. Either my brother or I am responsible for the damage. (改为：Either my brother or I am responsible for the damage. 这句话是正确的，没有主谓不一致的错误，因为either...or...连接的并列主语，谓语通常与最近的主语保持一致。)

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